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In this tutorial, we will learn about Synchronization of Generators. Often electrical generators are removed from the service and connected back to the power system during variations of the load, emergency outages, maintenance, etc. Every time before reconnecting the generator to the system, it must be synchronized with parameters of the power system network.
An improper synchronization can affect the healthy power system and results in electrical and mechanical transients that can damage the prime mover, generator, transformers and other power system components.
The process of matching parameters such as voltage, frequency, phase angle, phase sequence and waveform of alternator (generator) or other source with a healthy or running power system is called Synchronization of Generators.
A Generator cannot deliver power to electric power system unless its voltage, frequency and other parameters are exactly matched with the network. Synchronization is accomplished by controlling the exciter current and the engine speed of the generator.
The need for synchronization arrives, particularly when two or more alternators are working together to supply the power to the load. This is because electrical loads are not constant and they vary with time (depending on the load) and hence it is necessary to interconnect two or more alternators operating in parallel to supply larger loads.
Synchronization matches various parameters of one alternator (or generator) to another alternator or to the bus bar. The process of synchronization is also called as Paralleling of Alternators or Generators.
